The paper reviews the past 11 years of literature on the application of diode lasers in atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnaces (GF), plasmas and flames as atomizers. Experimental arrangements and techniques for powerful absorption measurements as well as the theoretical background are covered. The analytical possibilities of high-resolution spectroscopy, including Dopplerfree techniques for isotope selective measurements and isotope dilution analysis are discussed and various applications of element-selective detection by diode laser atomic absorption in combination with separation techniques, such as liquid (LC) and gas chromatography (GC), and with laser ablation of solid samples, are presented.

Introduction: Regarding to the ground water pollution by Arsenic (As) in Ghorveh and Bijar field, contamination levels have been analyzed in irrigated plants (potato and carrot samples).Materials and Methods: Analyzes method have been by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Twenty four potato samples (of the 12 potato plots) and 4 carrot samples (of the 2 carrot plots) picked up and As contents were measured in skin and yield tissue separately. In potato of total 24 samples, 11 samples had less than 10 mg As/kg, 9 samples had to10- 20 and 4 samples had As in the range of 20- 25 mg As/kg. Skin-related Arsenic was higher than it in yield tissue. Of total skin samples: 17 samples had less than 50 mg As/kg, 5 samples had As in the range of 50 t0 100 and the last 2 samples had As in the range of 200-300 mg As/kg. All carrot samples showed As content less than 5 mg As/kg.Result and Discussion: (As) was high is some samples in skin of potato regarding to less transfer rate to eatable section, quantity will less with separate skin. In carrot, high quantity Arsenic ion is absorbed by roots because it has vast roots and transport in skin and.

Diabetes is a widespread disease in advanced societies with serum glucose level equal or above 140 mg/dl. The disease has a trend with complications affecting organs, namely eyes and legs. The studies leading to finding the causes of these complications and ways to reduce them seem to be important. Zinc is one of these trace elements that plays an important role in thy biochemistry of cell. It is present in many cellular enzymatic reactions resulting to concentration changes in the body. This could lead to several complications. Zinc is one of the compounds of insulin isophane that is used in type I diabetes (IDDM).It regulates the insulin function of lipid accumulation in tissues. It has an effect on thyroid hormone, especially the T3 type. Zinc can enhance the activity of enzymes such as Superoxide dismutase, Glutathion reductase and Catalase that have important functions in diabetes. In addition, it activates the enzymes 17-ß-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, that is responsible in conversion of androstenedione to testosterone. The lowering of activity of this enzyme in diabetic patients cause the levels of testosterone, prolactin and dihydrotestosteron to decrease. Considering the effects of zinc in normal and diabetic subjects, it seemed interesting to carry out a prospective study of its serum concentration in diabetic patients. These studies were done on diabetic sera using atomic absorption spectroscopic method. The survey proved that the Zn concentration decrease significantly in NIDDM patients compared to the controls in Iranian population.

Please click on PDF to view the abstract.

Introduction: In recent years, using metal alloys has been expanding in dentistry, especially in dentures. Further research is needed on ion release in these alloys considering the potential harm to human health. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 disk-shaped samples and two acidic environments with pH of 4. 2 and 6. 5 were used in the present study. Half of the samples without simulation of porcelain firing and the other half after the simulation were incubated for 7 days at 37 °,C in a closed sterile centrifuge tube containing 7. 5 ml of acidic solution with pH of 4. 2 and 6. 5. Finally, the solution was analyzed by spectroscopic method to evaluate the amount of ions released from the Cintron alloy. The results were analyzed using ANOVA by SPSS software. Results: In the samples placed in solutions with pH of 4. 2 and 6. 5, the amount of released ions after firing was significantly higher than that without the firing process. Furthermore, the amount of released ions in a solution with a pH of 6. 5 is significantly less than that in pH of 4. 2 in samples without firing simulation. However, the amount of released ions in a solution with a pH of 6. 5 is significantly higher than that in pH of 4. 2 in the samples after firing. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that porcelain firing changes the nature of alloys leading to the release of more chromium, cobalt, and molybdenum ions. Also, increasing the acidity of the environment before firing causes more ions to be released, while after firing, the ions are released less in a more acidic environment.

In this work preconcentration of the Zn ions was investigated in water sample by Dispersive liquid- liquid micro extraction (DLLME) using chloroform as an extraction solvent, methanol as a disperser solvent and 8-Hydroxyquinoline as a chelating agent. The determination of extracted ions was done by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The influence of various analytical parameters including pH, extraction and disperser solvent type and volume and concentration of the chelating agent on the extraction efficiency of analyses was investigated. After extraction, the enrichment factor was 26 and the detection limit of the method was 0.0033 mg l-1 and the relative standard deviations (R.S.D) for five determinations of 1 ng/ml Zn were 7.41%.

This article presents a new approach to measure the concentrations of lead and cadmium in soil marine samples. The technique involves a two-step process: first, the samples are pre-concentrated using liquid-liquid extraction, and then atomic fluorescence spectrometry is used for analysis. In this process, dithizone is used as the chelating agent. During the procedure, a complex is formed between lead and cadmium with dithizone. The researchers also investigated important factors that may affect the efficiency of the extraction, such as pH of the sample and shaking duration.The results demonstrated that the extraction process yielded optimal results within a pH range of 7 to 9, and the ideal duration of shaking was between 10 to 30 minutes. Through stoichiometry analysis, it was determined that the most probable structure of the extracted ion pair complex consisted of one metal ion bonded to two ligand molecules (1M+2:2HDZ-). The influence of organic solvents on the extraction process showed that the distribution ratio (D) for extraction increased with a decrease in dielectric constant. Particularly, carbon tetrachloride demonstrated a higher distribution ratio (D), possibly due to its lower dielectric constant, which aids in the disruption of hydration shell around metal cations (Cd and Pb), allowing for enhanced coordination between the ligand molecules and metal cations. A previously described method for analyzing Cd and Pb in marine soil was adapted for this study.